10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America Research Paper

The ten dates that were selected by the History Channel while consulting a group of distinguished historians each triggered a series of events that shaped and molded America. Though they all have an enormous impact on American history, culture, and legacy many other dates not mentioned also produced extreme changes throughout America’s history. January 24, 1848: Gold Rush: Eliminated The California gold rush drastically changed America in numerous ways. It facilitated economic growth and prosperity in the west. In addition, it â€Å"inspired perhaps the largest mass movement of people in world history. ‘Neither the Crusades nor Alexander’s expeditions to India (all things considered) can equal this emigration to California,’ wrote one†¦show more content†¦On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to surrender her bus seat to a white person. Rosa Parks is quoted as saying, I thought about Emmett Till, and I could not go back. My legs and feet were not hurting, that is a stereotype. I paid the same fare as others, and I felt violated. Her act of civil disobedience led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the emergence of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., as a powerful leader in the fight for civil rights, all powerful symbols of the civil rights movement. (Crowe, n.d.) September 9, 1956: When America Was Rocked (by Elvis): Eliminated Ellvis Presly was the â€Å"white man with the Negro sound and the Negro feel† that Sam Phillips was looking for. Elvis, using the modern TV and radio to spread his music, became a figure head for the rebellious new teenagers of the mid-twentieth century. His image was of a sexy rebel who challenged the sexual and social conventions of the times instigating much social change. (Gillon, n.d.) While Elvis did have a devastating impact on the culture of America so, too, did the Harlem Renaissance, which made it possible for Elvis to sing the type of songs he did by setting the stage not just in music, but in many other areas of American culture. February 12, 1909: The Founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) TheShow MoreRelated The Past, Present and Future of Labor Unions Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesjobs, acquire all the benefits they need and to eliminate the injustice experienced by workers in their workplace is still an ongoing process. In order to understand labor unions in general, knowing the roots of it is the best way to start. In this paper, the progress of the labor unions throughout history, the issues faced the developments it achieved, laws passed and the problem faced by today’s unions will be tackled. Table of Contents I. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦1 II. HistoricalRead MoreToyota2317 Words   |  10 Pagesfailures begin to happen is also a problem facing most organization. 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The Signs and Symptoms of Stress - 2247 Words

The Signs and Symptoms of Stress Stress is a common problem with todays hectic lifestyle. Stress isnt always bad, however. Your body’s reaction to stress is a self-preservation response to keep you alive in dangerous situations. Stress can help you deal with emergencies and it can help you do better with important tasks. But being in a constant state of stress can be very harmful to the body. The constant release of hormones can lead to high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and heart disease. Noticing signs of stress and using techniques to reduce levels of stress can help you avoid health issues. How Does the Body Respond to Stress? When your body perceives a threat of some kind your nervous system activates and releases hormones including adrenaline and cortisol to prepare the body for an emergency. Your heart rate increases, breathing rate increases, muscles tense, blood pressure rises, your eyes dilate, and higher levels of free fatty acids and blood sugar are released to provide immediate energy. Watching your child run into the street, for instance, would probably cause a hormonal response that allows you to catch your child before he is in danger. Your pituitary gland excretes ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) into your blood. ACTH causes the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) into your blood. These two hormones signal the body to prepare for an emergency. There is also a reduction in the relationship between dopamine andShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Stress838 Words   |  4 PagesStress Stress is a real problem in people lives. In some organizations, management has no idea how to recognize the signs or symptoms of an individual who is dealing with high stress. 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The reader must figure out for themselves that the protagonist retains the disorderRead MoreWhat is Schizophrenia?1183 Words   |  5 Pageswas a strictly psychological disease. Studies done in the past 200 years have shown this to be wrong. While many genetic and biological traits can add to the development of the disorder, research has proven that the human brain can show tell tale signs of a schizophrenic patient. (The Treatment Advocacy Center.) Much of it has to do with the grey matter in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. Grey matter works with the nervous system and is responsible for sensory and stimulation. ThoseRead MorePsychology1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rationale why each disorder applies to the patient and each AXIS that goes with each disorder. Signs and symptoms indicate that Smith is suffering from clinical disorders. All the signs and symptoms she is positive and hence indicating that she is suffering from adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorder, major depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder and the acute stress disorder. She suffered from some form of mental retardation when she was young, mainly when her motherRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth And Macbeth1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1500s-1600s, and having very little knowledge of psychological issues, Shakespeare portrayed mental illnesses in Macbeth fairly accurately. The characters in the tragedy of Macbeth show many characteristics and warning signs of mental disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia and depression. Since there is scarce evidence of medical testing and research with the mind during the 1500s and 1600s, Shakespeare most likely didn’t understand that the way he portrayed the

Ankgor Civilization, the Khmer Empire in Southeast Asia

The Angkor Civilization (or Khmer Empire) is the name given to an important civilization of southeast Asia, including all of Cambodia and southeastern Thailand and northern Vietnam, with its classic period dated roughly between 800 to 1300 AD. It is also the name of one of the medieval Khmer capital cities, containing some of the most spectacular temples in the world, such as Angkor Wat. The ancestors of the Angkor civilization are thought to have migrated into Cambodia along the Mekong River during the 3rd millennium BC. Their original center, established by 1000 BC, was located on the shore of the large lake called Tonle Sap, but a truly sophisticated (and enormous) irrigation system allowed the spread of the civilization into the countryside away from the lake. Angkor (Khmer) Society During the classic period, the Khmer society was a cosmopolitan blend of Pali and Sanskrit rituals resulting from a fusion of Hindu and High Buddhist belief systems, probably the effects of Cambodias role in the extensive trade system connecting Rome, India, and China during the last few centuries BC. This fusion served as both the religious core of the society and as the political and economic basis on which the empire was built. The Khmer society was led by an extensive court system with both religious and secular nobles, artisans, fishermen and rice farmers, soldiers, and elephant keepers: Angkor was protected by an army using elephants. The elites collected and redistributed taxes, and temple inscriptions attest to a detailed barter system. A wide range of commodities was traded between Khmer cities and China, including rare woods, elephant tusks, cardamom and other spices, wax, gold, silver, and silk. Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) porcelain has been found at Angkor: Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279) whitewares such as Qinghai boxes have been identified at several Angkor centers. The Khmer documented their religious and political tenets in Sanskrit inscribed on stelae and on temple walls throughout the empire. Bas-reliefs at Angkor Wat, Bayon and Banteay Chhmar describe great military expeditions to neighboring polities using elephants and horses, chariots and war canoes, although there doesnt seem to have been a standing army. The end of Angkor came in the mid-14th century  and was partly brought about by a change in religious belief in the region, from Hinduism and High Buddhism to more democratic Buddhist practices. At the same, an environmental collapse is seen by some scholars as having a role in the disappearance  of Angkor. Road Systems among the Khmer The immense Khmer empire was united by a series of roads, comprised of six main arteries extending out of Angkor for a total of ~1,000 kilometers (~620 miles). Secondary roads and causeways served local traffic in and around the Khmer cities. The roads which interconnected Angkor and Phimai, Vat Phu, Preah Khan, Sambor Prei Kuk and Sdok Kaka Thom (as plotted by the Living Angkor Road Project) were fairly straight  and constructed of earth piled from either side of the route in long flat strips. The road surfaces were up to 10 meters (~33 feet) wide and in some places were raised to as much as 5-6 m (16-20 ft) above the ground. The Hydraulic City Recent work conducted at Angkor by the Greater Angkor Project (GAP)  used advanced radar remote sensing applications to map the city and its environs. The project identified the urban complex of about 200-400 square kilometers, surrounded by a vast agricultural complex of farmlands, local villages, temples and ponds, all connected by a web of earthen-walled canals, part of a vast water control system. The GAP newly identified at least 74 structures as possible temples. The results of the survey suggest that the city of Angkor, including the temples, agricultural fields, residences (or occupation mounds), and hydraulic network, covered an area of nearly 3,000 square kilometers over the length of its occupation, making Angkor the largest low-density pre-industrial city on earth. Because of the enormous aerial spread of the city, and the clear emphasis on water catchment, storage, and redistribution, members of the GAP call Angkor a hydraulic city, in that villages within the greater Angkor area were set up with local temples, each surrounded by a shallow moat and traversed by earthen causeways. Large canals connected cities and rice fields, acting both as irrigation and roadway. Archaeology at Angkor Archaeologists who have worked at Angkor Wat include Charles Higham, Michael Vickery, Michael Coe and Roland Fletcher; recent work by the GAP is based in part on the  mid-20th-century  mapping work of Bernard-Philippe Groslier of the École Franà §aise dExtrà ªme-Orient (EFEO). The photographer  Pierre Paris  took great strides with his photos of the region in the 1920s. Due in part to its enormous size, and in part to the political struggles of Cambodia in the latter half of the 19th century, excavation has been limited. Khmer Archaeological Sites Cambodia:  Angkor Wat, Preah Palilay, Baphuon, Preah Pithu, Koh Ker, Ta Keo,  Thmà ¢Ã‚  Anlong,  Sambor Prei Kuk, Phum Snay, Angkor BoreiVietnam:  Oc Eo,  Thailand:  Ban  Non Wat,  Ban Lum Khao, Prasat Hin Phimai, Prasat Phanom Wan Sources Coe MD. 2003.  Angkor and the Khmer Civilization. Thames and Hudson, London.Domett KM, OReilly DJW, and Buckley HR. 2011.  Bioarchaeological evidence for conflict in Iron Age north-west Cambodia.  Antiquity  86(328):441-458.Evans D, Pottier C, Fletcher R, Hensley S, Tapley I, Milne A, and Barbetti M. 2007.  A new archaeological map of the world’s largest preindustrial settlement complex at Angkor, Cambodia.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  104(36):14277-14282.Hendrickson M. 2011.  A transport geographic perspective on travel and communication in Angkorian Southeast Asia (ninth to fifteenth centuries AD).  World Archaeology  43(3):444-457.Higham C. 2001.  The Civilization of Angkor. Weidenfeld Nicolson, London.Penny D, Hua Q, Pottier C, Fletcher R, and Barbetti M. 2007.  The use of AMS 14C dating to explore issues of occupation and demise at the medieval city of Angkor, Cambodia.  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Bà ‚  259:388–394.Sanderson DCW, Bishop P, Stark M, Alexander S, and Penny D. 2007.  Luminescence dating of canal sediments from Angkor Borei, Mekong Delta, Southern Cambodia.  Quaternary Geochronology  2:322–329.Siedel H, Pfefferkorn S, von Plehwe-Leisen E, and Leisen H. 2010.  Sandstone weathering in  tropical  climate: Results of low-destructive investigations at the temple of Angkor Wat, Cambodia.  Engineering Geology  115(3-4):182-192.Uchida E, Cunin O, Suda C, Ueno A, and Nakagawa T. 2007.  Consideration  on  the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility.  Journal of Archaeological Science  34:924-935.

Health Care Information Systems Terms Hcs 483 - 1033 Words

University of Phoenix Material Health Care Information Systems Terms Define the following terms. Your definitions must be in your own words; do not copy them from the textbook. After you define each term, describe in 40 to 60 words the health care setting in which each term would be applied. Include at least two research sources to support your position—one from the University Library and the other from the textbook. Cite your sources in the References section consistent with APA guidelines. |Term |Definition |How It Is Used in Health Care | |Health Insurance Portability and |The HIPAA Act was established in 1996 to |The Health†¦show more content†¦|evaluating care needed for patients or to | | | |review medical history for future | | | |treatment. | |Electronic health record |Electronic health records are everything |The electronic health record moves with the| | |that electronic medical records are but |patients as it goes from one health care | | |they extend and branch out on a larger |provider to another. The electronic health | | |scale as they are used to transfer patient |record is not stored in one facility but | | |information per providers and to other |the information is used by more than one | | |specialists and destinations of treatment. |provider at a time who can also work | | | |together to treat a patient. | |Personal health record |A personal health record is personal health|Personal health records are used in health |Show MoreRelatedHealthcare Information Systems1063 Words   |  5 PagesPost Week 1 Health Care Information Systems Terms HCS/483 Healthcare Information Systems - Week 1 Name: Guidelines: Please use this form to submit your assignment and NOT the one on the UOPX website. Define the following terms. Your definitions must be in your own words; do not copy them from the textbook. After you have defined each term in your own words, describe in at least 50 words the health care setting in which each term would be applied. Utilize a minimum of two researchRead MoreIt Implementation Failures879 Words   |  4 PagesIT Project Implementations Failures Joseph Garcia HCS/483 7/4/2011 Eric Rios IT Project Implementations Failures There are many factors that play into failures of implementing an IT project. As in the Case Study – Memorial Health System CPOE Implementation there were clearly barriers set in place that affected leadership and staff. The purpose of this paper is to examine CPOE implementation barriers within the Memorial Health System and to determine possible methods to overcoming these challengesRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic choices and strategy in action covered later in the book, it will normally be a prerequisite that some type of analysis of the strategic position is undertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programmeRead MoreContemporary I ssues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesasserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights DepartmentRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.................................................... 119 Exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 122 CHAPTER 4 How to Evaluate Information and Judge Credibility..................................... 137 The Principles of Charity and Fidelity ............................................................................................ 137 When Should You Accept Unusual StatementsRead MorePublic Fe Reference Handbook.Pdf46179 Words   |  185 PagesUsage in Chemical Engineering 5% X. Process Control 5% EXAM SPECIFICATIONS—CHEMICAL 5 XI. Safety, Health, and Environmental 5% 6 EXAM SPECIFICATIONS—CHEMICAL AFTERNOON SESSION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (60 questions in 9 topic areas) Approximate Percentage of Test Content 11% Topic Area I. Surveying II. Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems 12% III. Soil Mechanics and Foundations 15% IV. Environmental Engineering 12% EXAM SPECIFICATIONS—CIVIL

Walt Disney Made A Massive Connection With Those Of All Ages

Known as one the most influential people in the world, Walter (Walt) Disney made a massive connection with those of all ages. Mr. Disney began his career at a young age, and from there, it soared. Being an artist, he was able to draw characters and let them come to life. Walter influenced many people throughout his life leaving a mark on the world. He accomplished so much within his life. With the cartoons he made, awards he won, and the creation of the theme parks, Disney changed the minds of several to live younger and with a smile. The Disney name is constantly remembered as the cartoon Mickey Mouse. Walt Disney created and brought more than just one cartoon to life though. According to http://www.britannica.com/ his first cartoon was†¦show more content†¦With his victories, he continually began growing and developing with his animations and crew. His first honorary award was for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which he also received an Oscar. His second was for Shirley Temple. In total he earned four honorary awards. He also was awarded for the first ever nature documentary Academy Award, stated on http://www.waltdisney.org/blog/walt-disneys-oscars%C2%AE. His awards lead him to greatness and showed himself and others the importance of his cartoon animations, which lead to even bigger events for Mr. Disney. Business was large for Walt Disney, and that was only the beginning. After the Disney name began booming so did the creation of a theme park. The first theme park built was in California, where Walt’s dreams came true. With the success, his pocket expanded and he was able to begin the process, by building the park in 1955. From this up-and-coming experience, Disney expanded to Florida throughout the 1960s. A new theme park brought in even move people than already, and to this day is continually packed from open to close. The theme park is not limited to just kids, but those of all ages. The parks keep all happy by giving them the perfect experience. First it all starts by your location, being able to see the park, or maybe staying in the Disney castle. Then walking down the main road and seeing all your Disney characters and reliving your favorite memories. Then exploring

Evidence Based Health Care Decision Making

Question: Describe about the Evidence Based Health Care for Decision Making. Answer: Evidence based practice is an approach to problem solving that aids in clinical decision making by integrating best evidence from relevant studies with clinical expertise (Grove et al., 2014).This form of practice involves considering patient assessment data, evidence based data on specific illness, patients preference and values. Research in evidence-based practice has shown that implementation of this approach led to the high standard of care, positive patient outcome and decreased medical cost (DiCenso et al., 2014).Evidence based practice in Hong Kong and many other countries have been implemented several decades ago. However, there is very little impact on daily clinical practice. Proper accountability and clinical reasoning skill are essential to eliminate barrier in clinical practice and integrate clinical evidence in daily practice. It gives new insight into patient's problem management and leads to better health care decisions. The essay brings into highlight the problem of the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult patients with a mechanical ventilator. It describes the challenges faced by the nurse in treating patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and explains the strategy adopted for evidence based approach to the use of chlorhexidine for oral care in such patients. In my daily clinical practice, the problem that I have faced is that many patients with mechanical ventilation develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System data has shown that VAP is the most common nosocomial infection after urinary tract infection in critically ill patients (Scannapieco Binkley, 2012). Pathogenic oral microflora plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of VAP. Oropharyngeal colonization with pathogenic microorganism leads to the development of VAP in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours (Shi et al., 2013). Patients with mechanical ventilation have developed VAP in my workplace because they mainly stay in general ward instead of ICU. In the general ward, nursing staffs are very busy attending to different patients, and they do not get enough time to provide mouth care to patients on ventilators. Even if nurses provide oral care, they use thymol gargle for it. Chlorhexidine is ve ry rarely used by them. I would like to implement the use of chlorhexidine for oral care to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult patients with the mechanical ventilator. This is because many studies and trial exist regarding the appraisal of routine oral care with chlorhexidine for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. It has also been approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the most effective anti-microbial mouthwash (Zhang et al., 2014). However, there are many factors that influence the application of evidence into practice. There are several challenges in implementing evidence based approach to the use of chlorhexidine for oral care to reduce ventilator associated pneumonia in adult patients with a mechanical ventilator. Firstly, the barrier exists in implementing evidence based practice because medical staffs are not sure about how to achieve it. Although evidence based practice is theoretically accepted but there are very few nurses who integrate research evidence with clinical practice. Therefore, the potential barriers that become a challenge in implementing evidence based practice are individual nurse characteristics, characteristics of the organization, nature of evidence based data and the health care environment (Polit Beck, 2013). A nurse or other medical staff may lack the technical skill to locate research information. They lack the skill to appraise research literature related to specific clinical practice critically. They do not prefer to look into journal articles or current research to know about evidence based clinical procedure. They may face problem in interpreting academic research articles on clinical practice. Even if individual nurses use evidence based information, they do not get the support of health care organization. The culture of the workplace is such that nurses lack inquisitiveness and the eagerness to continue to learn in professional practice (Hamric et al., 2013). In the case of implementing the use of chlorhexidine for mechanically ventilated patients, the challenge is that different nurses may have different view about oral care. One cross-sectional study investigated the opinion of nurse on oral care of mechanically ventilated patients. It showed that majority of them did not consid er oral care as a priority in caring for intensive care patients. Some of them also suggested that research does not provide the desired level of clinical direction. Many of them reported they lack the motivation to use research themselves and they will use chlorhexidine only when strictly instructed by the health care organization. (Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, 2013). The commonly reported barrier in evidenced based practice is resistance to change traditional practice among nurses. There is a lack of authority to change practice, and many are not interested in adopting evidence based practice. Another study on the investigation of barrier suggested that 50% find it difficult to cope with changes in the workplace (Williams et al., 2015). Hence, continued education and change in the attitude of the nurse are essential for successful implementation of evidence based practice. Health care system might also act as a barrier because there is a lack of commitment in health care organization about the implementation of evidence based practice. The available information technology is not accurate, and goal for practice between nurse and administrators also differs. Many nurses omit oral care for mechanically ventilated patients because of time constraints, excessive workload, demanding workload, lack of adequate staff and attention towards ICU patients. Lack of hospital protocols also impedes oral care for intubated patients (Jansson et al., 2013). The patient barrier may also exist in the implementation of the use of chlorhexidine in ICU patients. Studies on ICU patient have shown that routine oral care is least likely to be delivered in the first two days after admission when patients are most likely to develop an oral infection. This happens because there is false perception that oral care is not as important apart from other interventions. The health care t eam is busy stabilizing patients condition (Jordan et al., 2014). Another concern for nurses is that oral care increases intracranial pressure. However, studies have suggested that there is no adverse effect of oral care on the intracranial patient (Williams et al., 2015). Another challenge for nurses in implementing the use of chlorhexidine in mechanically ventilated patients is uncooperative patients does not wish to take oral care when they already suffer due to chronic ailments (Booker et al., 2013). Thus, remodeling of health care organization, as well as medical staff, is needed with more stress on evidence based practice. The potential strategies that can be taken to overcome challenges in implementing evidence base practices includes developing a culture of inquisitiveness and stressing on professional learning through the implementation of best evidence based practice. To implement the use of chlorhexidine for oral care of ICU patients, it is necessary that organization focus on infection prevention practices in ICU patient too. This is important because there is a wrong perception that oral care is not a priority in the care of mechanically ventilated patients. Using chlorhexidine should be a priority because a study by Klompas et al., (2014) has demonstrated that incidence of VAP is reduced by 50% after introducing change in oral care practices. Health care organization can take a step to implement evidence based guideline that explicitly explains professional responsibility of all clinical staff. They can impose strict rule regarding following evidence based practice by educating them about the i mportance of evidence-based practice. In around to change the organization culture around practice, it is necessary that the change is consistent with organization philosophy. Another prerequisite is adequate resources should be made available to healthcare professionals so that they easily adopt evidence based practice. For oral mouth care of critically ill patients in ICU, many nurse use lemon glycerin swabs or they rinse the mouth of critically ill patients. However, lemon glycerin swab decreases saliva production and promotes the growth of bacteria. The rinsing of mouth may also be harmful to immunologically suppressed patients in the ICU who may develop infection due to bacteria present in water. Thus skill training should be delivered to nurses so that they develop critical thinking skills and explore the knowledge gap in their clinical expertise by reviewing evidence based research articles. Health care organizations and management should look at the availability of evidence based practices related to the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and then take adequate steps to implement those practices in acute care setting. Change in accountability and attitude of both clinical staff and organization is needed to make specific practice routinely available through support with relevant literature (Scann apieco Binkley, 2012). Thus, from the essay on the implementation of evidence based practice in clinical care, it can be concluded that addressing the barrier in implementation is necessary to evaluate practice change. This essay focused more on the use of chlorhexidine on oral care for patient with ventilators, and identification of barrier in evidence based practice in clinical staff helped to determine the strategies needed to support practice based on best evidence. Various studies also exist regarding the significant reduction in VAP after use of Chlorhexidine and reducing the cost associated with the VAP. Thus, it can be adopted as a preventive strategy by staffs to reduce VAP in ICU setting. Evidence based practice is a necessary competency for health professionals. The effort to implement evidence based practice is essential because many people have a negative attitude towards evidence based practice as they feel it is time-consuming and cannot be realistically implemented in the clinical practice setting. Reference Booker, S., Murff, S., Kitko, L., Jablonski, R. (2013). Mouth care to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,113(10), 24-30. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-based nursing: A guide to clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Grove, S. K., Burns, N., Gray, J. R. (2014).Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.. Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M. F., O'Grady, E. T. (2013).Advanced practice nursing: An integrative approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Jansson, M., Ala-Kokko, T., Ylipalosaari, P., Syrjl, H., Kyngs, H. (2013). Critical care nurses knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumoniaA survey study.Intensive and Critical Care Nursing,29(4), 216-227. Jordan, A., Badovinac, A., palj, S., Par, M., laj, M., PlanÄ ak, D. (2014). Factors influencing intensive care nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia and oral care practice in intubated patients in Croatia.American journal of infection control,42(10), 1115-1117. Klompas, M., Speck, K., Howell, M. D., Greene, L. R., Berenholtz, S. M. (2014). Reappraisal of routine oral care with chlorhexidine gluconate for patients receiving mechanical ventilation: systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA internal medicine,174(5), 751-761. Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, I. (2013). Intensive care nurses opinions and practice for oral care of mechanically ventilated patients.Indian Journal Of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication Of Indian Society Of Critical Care Medicine,17(1), 23. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701393/ Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2013).Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Scannapieco, F. A., Binkley, C. J. (2012). Modest reduction in risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation following topical oral chlorhexidine.Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice,12(2), 103-106. Scannapieco, F. A., Binkley, C. J. (2012). Modest reduction in risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation following topical oral chlorhexidine.Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice,12(2), 103-106. Shi, Z., Xie, H., Wang, P., Zhang, Q., Wu, Y., Chen, E., ... Furness, S. (2013). Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ associated pneumonia.The Cochrane Library. Williams, B., Perillo, S., Brown, T. (2015). What are the factors of organisational culture in health care settings that act as barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice? A scoping review.Nurse education today,35(2), e34-e41. Zhang, T. T., Tang, S. S., Fu, L. J. (2014). The effectiveness of different concentrations of chlorhexidine for prevention of ventilatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ associated pneumonia: a metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis.Journal of clinical nursing,23(11-12), 1461-1475.

Forecast Of Business Bankruptcy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Forecast Of Business Bankruptcy. Answer: Introduction: Ever since the bookkeeping introduction during the initial 21st century, the issues of corporate governance and ethics have largely engrossed the attentions of investigators, experts and rule makers. WorldCom inflated the proceeds by $3.8 billion by incorrectly categorizing the expenditure as the investments. Enron on the other hand was regarded as the portrait of business scam and fraud that moved the debt off from its records of accounts and offered a deceptive financial position (Wang and Lin 2010, pp.1-27). The current essay is based on the study of association among the corporate governance and bankruptcy risk. Discussion: Corporate governance is referred as a means of supervision and process of control to guarantee that the directors of company work in accordance with the benefits of shareholders (Saad 2010, pp.105-114). The structures, procedures, culture or systems offer successful organizations operations. The major causes of company going bankruptcy is the insufficient internal control that originates from the corporate governance. Due to the separation of organization from the control and supervision conversation, the shareholders are unable to deal with the administration conversation and the board of directors are under obligation of securing the benefits of shareholders (Zare et al. 2013, pp.786-792). Therefore, the formation of board of directors and structure of direction are regarded as the vital mechanism in supervising the financial functions of firms as they act as guide for directors to implement control internally in the process of corporate governance. On assessing the relation among the corporate governance indexes and its bankruptcy a number of experimental lessons have been issued relating to board of directors and organizations operations (Nakano and Nguyen 2012, pp.369-387). Taking into the account the separation of possession from the internal control, the shareholders are unable to make interference in the affairs of management and the board of directors are under obligation of protecting the benefits of shareholders (Zheng and Das 2018, pp.6-54). However, there are no major cause of believing that the directors act in best manner to secure the benefits of shareholders. If the directors increase their benefits in companys profitability costs the benefits of shareholders might face hazard. According to the agency theory stated by Eling and Marek (2014, pp.653-682) the directors are not considered trustworthy hence, monitoring the mechanism of supervision it is necessary to overcome probable differences among them. In the literature of finance there is no ordinary term for bankruptcy. Bankruptcy represents financial situations, failure of organization, incapable of paying debts. As stated by Fracassi (2015, pp.231-245) bankrupt firms represents those firms that have ceased their business operations because of transferring bankruptcy or have ceased present business operations because of loss suffered by creditors. In the words of Li, Jahera and Yost (2013, pp.204-227) bankruptcy refers to a situation when an organization is unable to meet its debt obligations. In majority of the cases bankruptcy occurs due to state financial and economic problems. By virtue of Admati (2017, pp.131-50) examined the relationship amongst features of corporate governance and bankruptcy. The findings have demonstrated that the managing directors influence decreases the occurrence of financial crisis probability in the next five years however the features of corporate governance does not have significant impact on the occurrence of financial crisis and bankruptcy. Conclusive evidences have suggested that the influence of managing directors have the impact on the organizations system of internal control to avoid financial maladies and the occurrence of bankruptcy. The conclusion provides a strong indication that manager decreases the probability of crisis and financial disorders are in accordance with the earlier theory and empirical evidences. According to Nakano and Nguyen (2012, pp.369-387) it is noticed that if there is a significant amount of association between the directors independence and board financial risk situations. Evidences suggest that organizations that faces bankruptcy risks had less number of unbounded members in their directors board. Evidences suggest that organizations rescue from risk of bankruptcy depending upon the stability and individuality rate of the members of directors. Studies conducted by Darrat et al. (2016, pp.163-202) provides an evidence that the relation of an organizations control and possession structures is associated with the financial risk. The findings have suggested that companies that faces financial crisis had less amount of possession concentration. Studies have suggested that there is a considerable negative relation among the influence of managing director and bankruptcy risk conditions reflecting the managing director as the major influencing factor (Manzaneque, Priego and Merino (2016, pp.111-121). Additionally, the findings have showcased that the corporate governance variables comprise of unbounded directors, possession of management, internal auditing, internal control and internal proficiency in auditing does not possess any noteworthy relation with the organizations bankruptcy risk situations. There is a reverse and noteworthy association among the managing directors influence and financial risk situations. The bankruptcy risk occurrence probability is lower in organizations that are having high influence of managing director. Tricker and Tricker (2015, 135-156) have invested the effect of other corporate governance features on the size and directors independence in company board. The findings have represented a noteworthy and negative association between the size and ratio of unbound members in possession concentration and board independence. Furthermore, there is also a noteworthy and positive relationship amongst the magnitude of directors panel and organization size. The findings have suggested that there is an important and negative relationship amid the ratio of unbound directors and risk of bankruptcy. Evidences obtained suggest that structure of directions in some of the companies are in such a manner that the influence of managing directors was greater in bankruptcy firms than the non-solvent companies. Therefore, there is a noteworthy and positive association between the influence of managing director and bankruptcy risk. A momentous and adverse relationship between the board proportions of directors and bankruptcy risk with no significant relation among the outer possession and bankruptcy risk. As mentioned by Elshandidy and Neri (2015, pp.331-356) a weak system of corporate governance might increase the probability of bankruptcy even in organizations that have better financial operations. Their findings have investigated the role and features of board of directors along with their composition way in respect to organizations success and ability to pay off debts. Empirical studies have reflected that both the procedure and features of directors board drives an organization towar ds bankruptcy. As opinion by Mandzila and Zghal (2016, p.637) the most stated and referred reasons, relating to organization bankruptcy is the lack of internal control that arises from the organizations weak dominance. There are yet some organizations that possess frail financial operations due to financial crisis and organizations weak dominance. Empirical findings have suggested that business firms that have experienced financial crisis are largely because of weak management. On general circumstances organizations with concentrated possessions are less likely to be discharged from the list of stock exchange due to bankruptcy. Study conducted by Liang et al. (2016, pp.561-572) proposed a vital negative association between the possessions concentration and occurrence of bankruptcy situations. When the disorder and financial crisis takes place the mechanism of supervision is very essential as the increase in control need influences the possession way of investors. When the financial crisis increases, there is more expectation of possession concentration (Skeel 2014, p.1015). In contrast studies have suggested that possession concentration accompanies several costs but it is necessary to understand that possession concentration does not create any strong motive to increase the value of company. The possession concentration enforces more costs because of excessive concentration and potential powers to discharge the minority shareholders from the possession on organizations. The low possession concentration will result in positive motivating impact on the economic functions of the organizations. Findings by Skeel (2014, p.1015) in respect of relation among the possession structure and company operations represents that possession structure creates a vital impact on the effects of joint stock organizations in a manner that there is a strong and constructive link among the profitability and possession concentration. The existence of concentration in the organization possession results in absolute control on the day to day affairs of the companies. Additionally, the shareholders may reduce the problems of companies by controlling the administration functions by virtue of sufficient information. As stated by Du Plessis, Hargovan and Harris (2018, pp. 657-678) businesses that are rescued from the financial crisis are reliant on the role of independent directors in the directors board. There is a considerable amount of association between the independent directors board arrangement and situations of financial crisis. The businesses that have faced financial crisis possessed less directors board members. Empirical evidences have suggested that companies with additional number of independent directors and extra internal possessors are less likely to be discharged from the list of stock exchange. This is because if the number of outer directors are more then there is a less likely chances of fraud and bankruptcy. Businesses that have more number of independent directors are less likely to breakdown with less probability of crisis. As per Agrawal and Cooper (2017, pp.165) provides that a directors board with less number of members have considerable amount of correlation with the bankruptcy. A comparative study shows that companies with bankruptcy and those that are successful have the tendency of having more number of members in their board. A board with more number of members might contain high management power with higher company functions. Alternatively, the fall in the size of board of directors possess direct relation with the bankruptcy occurrence in the organizations facing crisis. The head of directors board must supervise the managing directors, regulate the agendas and direct the board session of directors. On noticing that the managing director benefits differing from shareholders then the influence of managing director is problematic. As indicated by Larcker and Tayan (2015, pp.176-209) businesses that have unbound head of directors board has the better functions than the companies that are under the influence of managing directors. The influence of managing director does not weaken the operations but might create an influence on the market understanding relating to the control rate that is excited on the financial reporting procedure. On finding that the influence of managing director decreases the supervision on the management results in probable increase in bankruptcy risks. In other words, there is a significant amount of association among the managing directors influence and risk of bankruptcy. Berger, Imbierowicz and Rauch (2016, pp.729-770) defines the impact of corporate governance does not remain even through all the organizations and there are one size that fits the entire practice of corporate governance. Evidences obtained from the non-banking strong businesses recognized in the preceding study might not provide an explanation relating to the efficiency of the convinced features of governance for circumstances in which businesses are about to become financially troubled or insolvent. At least there are two reasons behind such differences. At first governance arrangements that are operative and valuable for some business may be unproductive and counterproductive for other business (Berger, Imbierowicz and Rauch 2016, pp.729-770). Secondly, organizations performance cannot be considered as the sole factor that causes bankruptcy and poor performance might not necessarily result in immediate bankrupt position. Bankruptcy is associated with the numerous conditions such as firms fixed costs operating and leverage, percentage of illiquid assets and sales sensitivity. Evidences from the preceding paragraph suggest that a bigger board structure is more probable to lessen the likelihood of bankruptcy, varying from the proposal laid down in readings that bigger board can be less operational than smaller boards (Saad 2010, pp.105-114). The results obtained from the study suggest that fall in the likelihood of bankruptcy happens on conditions when the multifaceted organizations engage bigger board. Conclusively, the improved advisory volume of the bigger size of board seems to be comparatively advantageous to the highly multifaceted companies when facing severe financial burden. Conclusion: The literature significantly contributes by offering an inclusive examination of the impact that the organization features, mainly the amount of firm complication and business requirement for special understanding have on the association among the corporate governance and bankruptcy risk. It is noticed that having a larger board lowers down the risk of bankruptcy. The study provides suggestion that devising a bigger percentage of internal directors lowers the hazard of insolvency and bankruptcy in businesses. The evidence from the principle mechanisms investigation reflects that organizations that eventually file for bankruptcy suffer from the bad structure of corporate governance well before the bankruptcy occurrence. References: Admati, A.R., 2017. A skeptical view of financialized corporate governance.Journal of Economic Perspectives,31(3), pp.131-50. Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2017. Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover.Quarterly Journal of Finance,7(01), pp.165. Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770. Darrat, A.F., Gray, S., Park, J.C. and Wu, Y., 2016. Corporate governance and bankruptcy risk.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,31(2), pp.163-202. Du Plessis, J.J., Hargovan, A. and Harris, J., 2018.Principles of contemporary corporate governance pp. 657-678. Cambridge University Press. Eling, M. and Marek, S.D., 2014. Corporate governance and risk taking: Evidence from the UK and German insurance markets.Journal of Risk and Insurance,81(3), pp.653-682. Elshandidy, T. and Neri, L., 2015. Corporate governance, risk disclosure practices, and market liquidity: comparative evidence from the UK and Italy.Corporate Governance: An International Review,23(4), pp.331-356. Fracassi, C., 2015. FIN 395.10 (UNIQUE 03525) Empirical methods in corporatefinance pp.231-245. Larcker, D. and Tayan, B., 2015.Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences pp.176-209. Pearson Education. Li, H., Jahera Jr, J.S. and Yost, K., 2013. Corporate risk and corporate governance: another view.Managerial Finance,39(3), pp.204-227. Liang, D., Lu, C.C., Tsai, C.F. and Shih, G.A., 2016. Financial ratios and corporate governance indicators in bankruptcy prediction: A comprehensive study.European Journal of Operational Research,252(2), pp.561-572. Mandzila, E.E.W. and Zghal, D., 2016. Content analysis of board reports on corporate governance, internal controls and risk management: evidence from France.Journal of Applied Business Research,32(3), p.637. Manzaneque, M., Priego, A.M. and Merino, E., 2016. Corporate governance effect on financial distress likelihood: Evidence from Spain.Revista de Contabilidad,19(1), pp.111-121. Nakano, M. and Nguyen, P., 2012. Board size and corporate risk taking: further evidence from Japan.Corporate Governance: An International Review,20(4), pp.369-387. Saad, N.M., 2010. Corporate governance compliance and the effects to capital structure in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(1), pp.105-114. Skeel Jr, D.A., 2014. Rediscovering Corporate Governance in Bankruptcy.Temp. L. Rev.,87, p.1015. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices pp.135-156. Oxford University Press, USA. Wang, C.J. and Lin, J.R., 2010. Corporate governance and risk of default.International Review of Accounting, Banking and Finance,2(3), pp.1-27. Zare, R., Kavianifard, H., Sadeghi, L. and Rasouli, F., 2013. Examining the Relation between Corporate Governance Indexes and its Bankruptcy Probability from the Agency Theory Perspective.International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences,2(10), pp.786-792. Zheng, C. and Das, A., 2018. Does Bank Corporate Governance Matter For Bank Performance And Risk-Taking? pp.6-54. New Insights of an Emerging Economy.