Matthew Henson and Merrick Johnston Discovery of the North Pole :: essays research papers

Matthew Henson and Merrick Johnston both achieved something extraordinary. Matthew Henson was awarded as the co-discoverer of the North Pole. Merrick Johnston was the youngest person ever to climb Mt. McKinley. Although they differ, both of their ambitions were hard to achieve and were a huge milestone for each person. Life was forever changed for both Henson and Johnston when they reached their destination. In the dictionary, a goal is â€Å"something that one hopes or intends to accomplish.† Henson accomplished his goal on April 6th, 1909. As a boy, he traveled around on ship and achieved seagoing experience. When he was a store clerk, Robert Peary hired him and introduced Henson to his new goal, which was to climb the North Pole. After a number of tries, he finally reached the top. Johnston had her dream of climbing Mt. McKinley since she was 9. She finally started her journey up the mountain on June 2nd. Although snow occasionally kept her from advancing on her path, Johnston finally touched the top on June 23rd when she was 12 years, 5 months, and 5 days old. Henson and Johnston both accomplished their dreams. Henson and Johnston each needed certain qualities and characteristics to achieve their goals. Henson had experience at sea, was fluent in the Eskimo language, and was skilled in making useful equipment that was needed to survive the path to the North Pole. His perseverance kept him trying to achieve his dream after a number of times in which he failed. Johnston’s training had consisted of gymnastics, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding. She even climbed Mt. Goode to get more experience. Her ability to keep focus on her goal brought her to the top of Mt. McKinley. Determination burned in both Henson and Johnston day after day. If it was not for these qualities, Henson and Johnston might not have reached their destination.

Politeness and Culture Essay

1.1 What is politeness? Politeness is a kind of socio-cultural phenomenon in human communication. It has been defined in diverse ways. For Kochman (1984), politeness has a protective mission exercised in putting things in such a way as to take account of the feelings of others: Polite conversation is†¦ a way of showing consideration for other people’s  feelings, that is, not saying or doing anything that might unduly excite or arouse. The ‘gentleman’s agreement’ (though, hardly just confined to adult males) is and was ‘ you don’t do or say anything that might arouse my feelings, and I won’t do or say anything that might arouse yours’†¦ (1984:204) Watts (1992) defines polite behaviour as â€Å"socio-culturally determined behavior directed towards the goal of establishing and/or maintaining in a state of equilibrium the personal relationships between the individuals of a social group, whether open or closed, during the ongoing process of interaction† (1992:50) Therefore, the term â€Å"politeness† may be generally defined as adequate social conduct and tactful consideration of others aiming to avoid interactional conflicts. Politeness can be realized in a number of ways, among which the use of language concerns us most in the present discussion. Politeness is then taken to be the various forms of language structure and usage which allow the members of a socio-cultural group to achieve their conflict-avoiding goals. If politeness is seen as the adequacy of linguistic behavior, then all speakers of different languages are equally polite, since they all have linguistic means at their disposal, which according to their rules of application are adequate in different situations. The concept of politeness, therefore, is universally valid. 1.2 Motives of Being Polite Why do people apologize when they have done something wrong? Why do they compliment on their friend’s hairstyle? In one word, why do people behave appropriately, hence politely? The explanation of such diverse communicative behaviors lies in the consideration of â€Å"face†. Face is thus viewed as a positive public self-image that is maintaining in society. That is, in newly formed contacts the individual engages in establishing a public image for himself. In continued contacts he engages in sustaining and improving the face he has encouraged the others to develop for him. A fundamental preoccupation of people around the world is maintaining or protecting face. Threats to face, whether intended, accidental, or only imagined, are the basis of most interpersonal conflicts. They arise when people feel that their right to a positive self-image being ignored. One conventional way of avioding threats to face in all cultures is to be linguistically polite. To secure this public self-image, people engage in what Goffman calls â€Å"face work†, performing action â€Å"to make whatever they are doing consistent with face†(1967:12), while trying to save their own face as well as the other’s. Goffman (1967) specifies two kinds of face-work: the avoidance process (avoiding potentially face-threatening) acts and the corrective process (performing a variety of redressive acts). However, he says little about how face can be maintained linguistically while damage is occuring. As implied above, face wants are reciprocal, i.e. if one wants his face cared for, he should care for other people’s face. The reason is that, while the individual is absorbed in developing and maintaining his face, the others also have similar considerations for themselves. It is clear that one way of ensuring the maintenance of their own face is to keep everybody’s face undamaged. Normally, the participants during interaction work on the understanding that one will respect the other’s face as long as the other respects his. This point is best expressed by the concise rule in Scripture: Do unto all men as you would they should do unto you. Since face wants are reciprocal, politeness naturally concerns a relationship between two rational participants or interlocutors, whom we may call self and other. In a conversation, self may be identified with speaker or addresser, and other with hearer or addressee. Also it is possible that  speakers show politeness to a third party that is related to interlocutor’s face. 2.0 Language and Culture 2.1 Defining Culture Culture is a large and evasive concept. Sapir (1921) holds that culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks, and language is a particular way of thought. Language, in this way, is part of culture. Culture is also interpreted in the sense of Goodenough’s definition: As I see it, a society’s culture consists of whatever it is one had to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members†¦ Culture, being what people have to learn as distinct from their biological heritage, must consist of the end-product of learning: knowledge, in a most geneal†¦ sense of the term (Goodenough,1954:167). Culture is thus whatever a person must know in order to function in a particular society, including language and conventional behavioral norms that a person must follow or that other people in the society expect you to follow, to get through the task of daily living. When we study a culture, it is not enough to merely learn the knowledge of a language and behavioral norms, as Steinmetz, Bush and Joseph-Goldfare (1994) point out: Studying culture does not mean looking only at customs, insititution, and artifacts†¦, but also studying people’s values, beliefs, and attitudes and how they influence or are influenced by interaction among people. Culture should be studied as a process as well as a product (1994:12). As a combination of these views, culture consists of not only language, behavioural norms, which can be observed, but also values and beliefs underlying them. The famous metaphor of the â€Å"culture iceberg† (Hall & Hall,  1990) indicates that many aspects of culture, such as certain beliefs, world views, and values, are below the surface of consciousness ( in the submerged part of the iceberg). Other aspects of culture, like language, eating habits, customs, are in the conscious area ( above the waterline). It is often the less conscious cultural aspects that influenced the way people communicate with each other. 2.2 Language and Culture We are now in a position to see language and culture in a dialectical relationship. Every language is part of a culture. As such, it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs. This does not necessarily go against Saussure’s thesis that the signified of a language are arbitrary and hence derive their exact identity from systems of relationships. What needs to be added, however, is that this arbitrariness is not as absolute as he suggested, but is limited by the particular cultural setting from which a language extracts its signified. Within the broad limits set by the specific needs of a culture, a language is free to make arbitrary selections of signifieds. This element of arbitrariness is brone out by the fact that there is of a speech community and its linguistic resources. Thus neither linguistic determinism nor cultural determinism can adequately explain why a language should select its unique system of signs, for these selections are made partly in response to cultural needs and partly owing to the inherent ( limited ) arbitrariness of the process. There is yet another sense in which language is not a passive reflector of culture. Even assuming that culture is in many cases the first cause in the language-culture relationship, language as the effect in the first link of the casual chain will in turn be the cause in the next link, reinforcing and preserving beliefs and customs and conditioning their future course. 3.0 Politeness and Culture 3.1 The Concept of Face In Chinese and English The central to B & L’s politeness theory is the concept of face, and its two concimitant desires—– negative face and positive face, which are defined from the perspective of individual’s wants. B & L maintain that notion of face constituted by these two basic desire is universal (1987:13). This section thus aims to examine whether their notion of face is applicable in Chinese culture. Since they acknowledge deriving their formulation of face from Goffman’s classic account of face and from the English folk notion of face (1987:61), these two sources will be dealt with first. 3.1.1 The Source of B & L’s † Face† The first source is Goffman’s account of face. Goffman characterizes face as â€Å"the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact†. He sees face not as a private or an internalized flow of events, supported by other people’s judgments, and enclosed by â€Å"impersonal agencies in the situation† (1967:7). Seen in this light, face becomes a public image that is on loan to individuals from society, and that will be withdrawn from them if they prove unworthy of it (1967:10). B & L say that their other sources is the English folk concept of face, which is linked to notions like â€Å"being embarrassed of humiliated, or ‘losing face'† (1987:61). But in fact, such notions of face seem to be Chinese in origin. The word â€Å"face† is a literal translation of the two Chinese characters and ( Hu,1944;Ho,1975). Presumably informed of these two sources, B & L characterize face as image that intrinsically belongs to the individual, to the self. This seems to part with their first source considerably. Here, the public characteristic that is essential to Goffman’s analysis of face seems to become an external modifier rather than an intrinsic constituent of this image. 3.1.2 Chinese â€Å"Face† As pointed out above, two Chinese characters and are used to convey the denotative meaning of the word â€Å"face† ( that is, † the front of the head†); they also encode connotative meanings, which have to do with reputable, respectable images that individuals can claim for themselves from communities in which they interact, or to which they belong (Ho,1957). More specifically, stands for prestige or reputation, which is either achieved through getting on in life (Hu, 1944:45), or ascribed by other members of one’s own community. refers to † the respect of the group for a man with a good moral reputation†; it embodies † the confidence of society in the integrity of ego’s moral character†, and it is † both a social sanction for enforcing moral standards and internalized sanction† (Hu, 1944:45). Chinese speakers, therefore, will be seen as being polite if they know how to attend to each other’s and and to enact speech acts appropriate to and worthy of such an image. 3.2 Difference Between Chinese â€Å"Face† and B & L’s â€Å"Face† The first difference is concerned with their overall conceptualization of face—-a difference that has been briefly alluded to above. B & L focus their notion of face primarily upon the individual—-rather than the communal-aspect of face; that is, the self is the principal constituent that contextualizes the concept of face. The self is â€Å"public† only to the extent that it depends on other’s face being manifested (B & L, 1987:61). The self depends on the public only to preserve its own interests. In short, the overall composition of this self-image, with its negative and positive aspects, only concerns the individual’s wants and desires. In contrast, Chinese face encodes a reputable image that individuals can claim for themselves as they interact with others in a given community; it is intimately linked to the views of the community and to the community’s judgment and perception of the individual’s character and behaviour. Chinese face emphasizes not the accommodation of individual â€Å"wants† or â€Å"desires† but the harmony of individual conduct with the views and judgment of the community. Chinese face, to quote Goffman again, is â€Å"on loan†¦from society† (1967:10); it belongs to the individual or to the self only to the extent  that the individual acts in full compliance with that face. The second difference is related to the content of face. B & L conceive of face as consisting of negative face and positive face. Their negative face refers to, and values, an individual’s need to be free of external impositions, a desire to be left alone to enjoy a sense of one’s â€Å"territorial integrity†. â€Å"Privacy† is a particular term used to describe this typical value, which is much more treasured in English culture than in Chinese; whereas Chinese face emphasizes one’s dependence on society’s recognition of one’s social standing and of one’s â€Å"reputable†existence, and subsequently, on society’s endorsement of one’s attending to it. Relatively speaking, Chinese â€Å"face† does not comprise the element of what B & L term â€Å"negative face†. 3.3 Cultural Assumption In this section, the differences of politeness in English and Chinese will be elaborated in terms of the different historicity that the concept of politeness can be traced back to, and of the fundamental cultural assumptions underlying the two different notions of English and Chinese â€Å"face†. 3.3.1 A Historical Review As we have known, privacy is a value derived from B & L’s notion of face. It is a notion embracing at once the freedom, rights, and the independence of action of man. Such a value is closely associated with the emancipation of man from the yokes of the church on the European continent, and with the opening up of the New World on the other side of the Atlantic—-North America. Consequently, showing respct to an individual’s liberty, his rights, his independence in Anglo-American culture, will be considered polite; lack of it will be improper, hence impolite. On the contrary, Chinese culture has had a 2000-year-long history of feudalism. Chinese civilization has been established on agriculture, and †Ã‚  Generations of peasants were tied to the land on which they lives and worked. Except in times of war and famine, there was little mobility, either socially and geographically† (Hu & Grove,1991:1). From this historicity resulted the collective (group-oriented) nature of Chinese value, which was reinforced ideologically in the Confucian tradition, a tradition that advocates subordinating the individual to the group or the community, and maintains that the ultimate goal of human behavior is to achieve harmony, which leads the Chinese to pursue a conflict-free and group-oriented system of an ever-expanding circle of human-relatedness (Chen, 1993). Namely, an individual is presumed not to satisfy the desire for freedom, but to gain self-esteem in harmony with group. Just as English culture values privacy, Chinese culture values harm ony. In modern Chinese, the equivalent of politeness is believed to have evolved in history from the notion of Li . The ancient philosopher and thinker Confucius (551—479 B.C.), in order to restore the harmony of society when there were constant wars between feudal states, advocated restoring Li. Derived from this book are four basic elements of politeness, or what count as polite behaviors: respectfulness, modesty, attitudinal warmth, and refinement. â€Å"Respectfulness† is the self’s positive appreciation of admiration of the other concerning the latter’s face, largely identical with the need to maintain the hearer’s positive face. â€Å"Modesty† can be seen as another way of saying â€Å"self-denigration†; though â€Å"modesty† varies in the importance attached to it in different cultures, it is to a large extent universal, her to interpret it as self-denigration is uniquely Chinese. â€Å"Attitudinal warmth† is the self’s demonstration of kindness, consideration, and hospitality, the speaker runs the risk of infringing on the hearer’s personal freedom, viz. privacy, thus threatening his negative face. Finally, â€Å"refinement† refers to the self’s behavior to the other which meets certain moral standards laid by society; it represents the normative character of politeness in addition to the instrumental aspect. These four essential elements of politeness are believed to manifest themselves in many Chinese speech events. 3.3.2 Two Construals of the Self: Interdependent and Independent If we examine the â€Å"deep structure† from which the two different notions of English and Chinese â€Å"face† can possibly be derived, them they can be said to have been informed metarphorically by two divergent underlying forces (Mao,1994): the centripetal force, which leads Chinese â€Å"face† to gravitate toward social recognition and hierarchical interdependence, and the centrifugal force, which enables English â€Å"face† to spiral outward from individual desires or wants with the self as the initiating agent. The centripetal force and centrifugal force represent two different face orientations, which correspond to two distinct construals of the self: an interdependent construal of the self and an independent construal of the self respectively(Markus and Kitayama, 1991). The independent construal of the self, endorsed by English culture and most Western countries, builds on † a faith in the inherent separateness of distinct persons â€Å". The normative imperative of this culture is to become independent of others and to discover and express one’s unique attributes (Miller, 1988). Thus achieving the cultural goal of independent requires construing oneself as an individual whose behavior is made meaningful primarily by reference to one’s own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions, rather than by reference to those of others; whereas the interdependent construal of the self, favoured by Chinese culture and most East Asian countries, insists on † the fundamental connectedness of human beings to each other†(Markus and Kitayama, 1991:227). A normative imperative of this culture is to maintain this interdependence, therefore, entails seeing oneself as part of an encompassing social relationship and recongnizing that one’s behavior is organized by what the self perceives to be the thoughts, feeling, and actions of others in the relationship, so that the self within such a construal becomes most meaningful and complete. BIBLIOGRAPHY Blum-Kulka, S. et al. 1984. Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech acts realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics 5(3):192-212 Brown, R. & S. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge:CUP. Chen, Guoming. 1993. A Chinese perspective of communication competence. Paper presented at the annual convention of the speech communication association, Miami Beach, FL. Goffman, E. 1967. Interactional Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books. Goffman, E. 1972. Interactional Ritual. London:Penguin. Goffman, E. 1971. Relations in Public: Macrostudies of the Public Order. Harmondsworth:Penguin Goodenough, W. H. 1957. Cultural anthropologh and linguistics. In Garvin, P.L.(ed.) Report of the 7th Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Study. Washington: Georgetown University Press Hall, E. & M. Hall. 1990. Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, ME: International Press. Ho, D.1975. On the concept of face. American Journal of Sociology 81(4):867-84 Hu, Wenzhong & C. L. Grove. 1991. Encountering the Chinese: A Guide for Americans Yarmouth, ME: International Press. Mao, L. R. 1994. Beyond politeness theory: â€Å"face† revisited and renewed. Journal of Pragmatics 21:451-86 Markus & Kitayama. 1991. Culture and self. Pshchological Review 98(2):224-53 Miller, J.G. 1988. Bridging the context-structure dichotomy: culture and the self. In M.H. Bond (ed.) The cross-cultural Challenge to Social Psychology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 266-81

Prenatal And Postnatal Health Care - 1707 Words

With complaints of inadequate maternity health care services in newspapers and social media on the rise, the issue of Ireland’s poor services for women before and after birth has become an important topic. Some health care officials believe there are already safe and effective services and staffing levels implemented in prenatal and postnatal health care. Even government officials feel that there is an abundant amount of government assistance services available for prenatal and postnatal women. These views are predominately based on the data that Ireland has â€Å"one of the lowest maternal and perinatal mortality rates in the world† (Larkin et al. 98). In a newspaper article by Sinà ©ad Redmond, she points out that in March of 2014, figures revealed that not a single maternity hospital in the Republic of Ireland had â€Å"staffing levels of midwife-to-women ratios that [met] international safety standards† (â€Å"Ireland’s Maternity Units†). 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Informative Essay Adolescent Gun Violence in America

On an unseasonably cold March morning in 1993, high school sophomore Edward Gillom exited his first period classroom and made his way through the crowded hallways of Harlem High School. After engaging in a heated argument, allegedly over a girl, with Ronricas â€Å"Pony† Gibson and Ricoh Lee, Gillom pulled out a .38-caliber gun and opened fire. Gillom’s shots fatally wounded Gibson and left Lee with a non-fatal gunshot wound to the neck (Washington Ceasefire, 2011 pg 1). The shooting in Harlem, Georgia sparked national attention as one of the first high school shootings and added to the alarmingly high rates of gun violence by adolescents during the 1990s. According to the Virginia Youth Violence Project, forty-two homicides took place in†¦show more content†¦Heller, the court ruled that â€Å"the Second Amendment protects a pre-existing individual right to keep and bear arms†¦including, ‘the individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation’† (National Rifle Association, 2011 par 4). Although the Constitution gives individuals the right to bear arms, it does not exclude â€Å"prohibitions on the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill, or laws forbidding the carrying of firearms in sensitive places†¦or laws imposing conditions and qualifications on the commercial sale of firearms,† (Romano Wingert, 2011 par 13). In recent years here has been much discussion among the nation’s lawmakers and their constituents as to whether or not the Second Amendment is still constitutional; the question is whether or not the Second Amendment should be revised, to prohibit the sale of firearms to those who do not meet certain conditions and qualifications, or even removed from the constitution. According to a national survey of 1,005 high school students, conducted by Vittes, Sorrenson and Gilbert, â€Å"63.7 percent of high school students believe that regulating the sale o f guns does not violate the constitution† (2003, pg 12). In the same survey, 64.6 percent responded that they would support stricter laws addressing the sale of firearms, and 82.2 percent of those surveyed, believe that the government should make and enforce laws making it more difficult forShow MoreRelatedSchool Safety2079 Words   |  9 Pagesacts of violence occurring on a daily basis. American citizens should never have to cope with the negative impact of school violence, no matter how often they hear about the tragedies (Jones, Parents 1). In the past, schools were viewed as a safe place for children to get an education. Recently, the concern over violence in schools has taken a toll on many parents, school administrators, and legislatures (Eckland 1). Studies have shown that there are over 3 million acts of violence in AmericanRead MoreEffects of Reading Comic Books5082 Words   |  21 Pagesscenes. The Bayeux tapestry in Normandy (c1100) has sometimes been claim ed to be an early example of a strip cartoon (Sabin, 2005). A. Rise of the Comic Strip Rodolphe Tà ¶pffer, a Swiss artist, formalised his thoughts on the picture story in his Essay on Physiognomics in 1845 (Comics, 2007). Satirical drawings like Punch in newspapers were popular through the 19th century. In Germany in 1865 the strip Max and Moritz, by Wilhelm Bush was published in a newspaper. Comics as we know now were firstRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 PagesDeveloped Asia and the United States of America. Despite this easy accessibility of popular culture - film, television, music and radio - to young people, popular culture and adolescence are not mutually exclusive with the effects and the range of mass media affecting one in three adults in America. [3] Thus, the appeal for this investigation was personal and lay in my yearning to discover whether this correlation between violence and popular culture really existed,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesappear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Morphological And Physiological Effects Of P - 863 Words

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The name, proteoid roots, derives from the fact that most species in the family Proteaceae can develop such root clusters when they are grown in infertile soils (Purnell, 1960; Dinkelaker et al., 1995). Figure 2: Proteoid roots produced by white lupin with (A) and without (B) phosphate.: proteoid roots of P-sufficient plants, marked as proteoid (+P); lateral roots of P-sufficient plants, marked as lateral (+P); active proteoid roots of P-deficient plants, marked as proteoid (-P); lateral roots of P-deficient plants, marked as lateral (-P). (Adapted from: Watt and Evans, 1999). One of the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Radiation in Inducing Mutation on the Growth of Zea Mays1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Radiation in Inducing Mutation On the Growth of Zea mays1 Milanie Joy S. Baradi BIO 30 Section S-1L October 10, 2011 ____________________ 1A scientific paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Biology 30 laboratory under Professor Neilyn O. 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Health Care as a Social Good

Question: Compare and contrast the UK healthcare system with US? Answer: Although availability of advanced health care services is high in both UK and USA, the systems for providing such services are completely different in both countries (Craig, 2014). In UK the government is responsible for providing health care services. On the contrary, health care system of US depends on private organizations. In UK, although everyone can access the services provided by NHS, often patients require to wait for long time for accessing the facilities (Ham, 2012). In US, services provided by the organizations in health care sector are expensive and thus every one cannot get services of same quality. However in US patients do not require to wait for treatment. In this essay heath care systems of UK and US are analyzed to understand the similarities and differences between both models. Comparative analysis of the health care systems of UK and US is conducted on basis of some features of systems followed in both countries. The features include main healthcare service provid ers in both countries ,access to health care by common people, insurance policies in both countries, presence of infrastructure and patients attitude in both countries. The essay also contains brief overview of the health care systems in UK and US. Financial resources required for offering health care services are mainly provided by the Government in UK (Freeman et al., 2014). The government collects the fund from taxes paid by common people. As Government agency, NHS, is the main provider of health care services, most of these services can be accessed at free of cost by citizens of the country. In England voluntary insurances cover about 13% of common citizens (Hoffman and Emanuel, 2013). However such insurances are used for accessing services provided by private organizations. In case of UK, providers of primary care are considered as first point of contact for accessing health care services. Although the primary care services are provided by self employed general practitioners , other professional like pharmacists and dentists are also categorized as primary care providers (Hunter and Perkins, 2014). The patients can a only access emergency health care services if the problems are not resolved by primary service providers. E mergency services can also be accessed in case of accidents. In UK the practices for providing community based care is becoming more popular. The patients who require long treatments can access such facilities. Community care services are also provided to those patients who are not suffering from critical diseases or do not require any emergency treatment. Quality of the services provided by main health care provider, NHS, is evaluated by the Care Quality Commission (CQC). CQC evaluates the activities of NHS and provides assistance to the organization for improving quality of its existing services (Hunter and Perkins, 2014). The Government of UK also focuses on improving quality of the services provided by private organizations. The activities of private organizations in UK are monitored and assessed by CQC. Foundation Trusts of NHS are regulated by Monitor. In UK heath protection activities of common people are conducted by Heath Protection Agency (HPA).NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) is responsible for assessing the medicine and treatment policies of NHS. The organization is also responsible for modifying the existing policies. Analysis on the health care sector indicates that the quality of services provided by this sector is closely monitored by different agencies of UK government. As a result, quality of the services is maintained. However the patients get less freedom for choosing their treatment policies. Most of the services in health care sector are provided by private organizations of US. As most of the organizations of US health care sector are privately owned, per capita spending of people in US for accessing health care services is more than that of any other countries. Liu et al., (2013) states that a market based approach is used for providing health care services in US. As these services are costly , most of the citizens of US empathizes on buying insurance policies . Expenses on insurance account for major portion of the total spending on health services. In US accessibility of health services depends on financial capacity of a patient, accessibility of health services is not ensured. Although quality of services is not maintained in all cases, availability of innovative medical facilities is high in US. In US very few of total population is unable to buy any insurance policies (McConkey and White, 2012). In US, often large number of deaths is caused due to lack of insurance policies. Although accessibility of medical services in US is limited by sending capability of a patient, patients have more freedom for choosing their treatment policies. Currently in US health care monitoring and regulatory policies are not efficient to standardize the services provided by different organizations in medical sector (Shi and Singh, 2012). However, the federal government is developing policies for developing a centralized system for health care monitoring and quality assurance. Analysis between the healthcare systems of UK and US reflects that both systems are different from each other. In UK medical services are accessed by everyone due to implementation of social insurance policies of NHS. In US, the number of people who are not covered by insurance policies cannot accesses medical facilities of high quality. As in UK, government is responsible for providing health services, selection of treatment policies are not decided by patients. In US, market based approach is used for provoking health care services. As a result , in number of visits to doctor is higher than the number of visits in UK. In UK patients are provided with urgent health care services if their complete treatment cannot be done by general practitioners. In UK, the process of accessing medical facilities is more time consuming. As a result success rate of some diseases such as cancer is higher in US. Analysis made in the essay indicates that both the systems followed in UK and US have some advantages and disadvantages.US policies can be implemented in UK health care model for delivering services to patients in less time.US can follow the health acre monitoring policies of US to maintain quality of the medical services. References Craig, D. (2014). Health Care as a Social Good. Washington: Georgetown University Press. Freeman, K., Field, R. and Perkins, G. (2014). Inconsistencies in Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) policies: A review of 20 NHS acute trusts. Resuscitation, 85, p.S11. Ham, C. (2012). What will the Health and Social Care Bill mean for the NHS in England?. BMJ, 344(mar20 2), pp.e2159-e2159. Hoffman, A. and Emanuel, E. (2013). Reengineering US Health Care. JAMA, 309(7), p.661. Hunter, D. and Perkins, N. (2014). Partnership working in public health. Bristol, UK: Policy Press. Liu, V., Read, J., Scruth, E. and Cheng, E. (2013). Visitation policies and practices in US ICUs. Critical Care, 17(2), p.R71. McConkey, D. and White, R. (2012). PA1 Assessing the Progression of the UK NHS Health Care Reforms and the Impact on Health Care Delivery. Value in Health, 15(7), p.A283. Shi, L. and Singh, D. (2012). Delivering health care in America. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning.

Open Text free essay sample

Connect’s main strength is its user-friendly, windows based interface, which allows user to seamlessly perform all document management activities, with only minimal training required. This simple and easy to use windows interface enviroment is fully integrating with Microsoft windows explorer, Word, Powerpoint and Outlook. Open Text has spent a lot of time and money patenting this interface as it the critical value-added selling point that differentiates Enterprise Connect from its competitors. Enterprise Connect is also integrated with Oracle, as it builds solutions on the Oracle Content Database structure. This allows for customers who already have an Oracle database, which is one of the most popular databases used in the world today, to fortify existing investment. As well Enterprise Connect is deeply integrated with SAP as Open Text has shared two-decades of partnerships can co-development with SAP, which is one of the most widely used ERP systems today. Competitive Analysis Market Leaders 1)IBM )EMC 3)Open Text Primarly Competitors: 1) IBM (Founded:1910, Size: 386,558, Location: 1 New Orchard Road Armonk, NY 10504): Strength: In 2007, IBM was the largest ECM vendor based on revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Text or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their ECM solution, FileNet, is a well integrated, fully flexible ECM solution. IBM will be able to successfully sell FileNet through its extensive partner service channel and current leading positions in key vertical markets including its traditional financial services, insurance, banking and government markets. Weakness: However, IBM has two content management solutions, DB2 and FileNet and questions are beginning to arise as to whether IBM will be able to fully integrate them into a single, simply to use solution. As well, although FileNet does have strong integration, it is still not fully integrated with all of IBM’s software solutions creating havoc for current IBM customers. 2) EMC (Founded: 1979, Size: 38,600, Location: 176 South Street Hopkinton, MA 01748) Strength: EMC has been a consistent market leader in the ECM market leader. Their ECM software solution Documentum, addresses the entire content life cycle, from capture through to final archive and in this way provides strong document collaboration. Weakness: While the collaboration software solution provided by Documentum is very useful and beneficial, there are a few draw backs to using it. The main disadvantage being that Documentum’s software requires the use of a complex and complicated IT infrastructure. This requires an extensive amount of installation time and can be a major inconvenience to those business professionals who are always busy and on the go. Oracle (Founded: 1977, Size: 84,233, Location: 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065): Strength: Oracle’s ECM solution, Oracle Universal Content Management (OUCM) is a well-integrated software solution and has the strongest integration with Oracle databases than any other ECM provider. This is a major strength as Oracle is one of the most popular databases used today. OUCM will also has access to one of the most robust set of complementary technologies and resources. As well Oracle has an extensive selling channel and customer base. Weakness: Oracle has been known for only supporting its own software. There still remain questions as to the support Oracle will be able to give for other platforms outside the Oracle infrastructure.